Add factory reset, safe catalog rebuild, and DB hardening

- Factory reset endpoint clears computed tables (catalog, nightly_cache,
  tonight, weather_cache), VACUUMs the DB, then rebuilds in background.
  Preserves all user data (imaging_log, gallery, phd2_logs, horizon).
- Catalog rebuild now fetches data BEFORE touching the DB — network
  failures no longer leave the catalog empty. DELETE + INSERT wrapped
  in a single transaction via replace_catalog() so a mid-write failure
  rolls back and old data is preserved.
- Added nightly_cache indexes and bumped pool to 10 connections with
  30s acquire timeout to prevent exhaustion during rebuilds.
- Settings page: factory reset button with inline confirmation dialog.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

backend/src/api/mod.rs

@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ pub fn build_router(pool: SqlitePool) -> Router {
         .route("/api/catalog/refresh", post(catalog_refresh))
         .route("/api/catalog/rebuild", get(catalog_rebuild))
         .route("/api/nightly/recompute", post(nightly_recompute))
+        .route("/api/factory-reset", post(factory_reset))
         // Stats
         .route("/api/stats", get(stats::get_stats))
         // Static gallery files served via tower-http
@@ -131,30 +132,13 @@ async fn catalog_rebuild(
     axum::extract::State(state): axum::extract::State<AppState>,
 ) -> Result<Json<serde_json::Value>, AppError> {
     let pool = state.pool.clone();
-    
-    match catalog_rebuild_task(&pool).await {
-        Ok(stats) => {
-            tracing::info!(
-                "Manual catalog rebuild complete: {} objects ({})",
-                stats.total,
-                stats.by_type.iter()
-                    .map(|(t, c)| format!("{}: {}", t, c))
-                    .collect::<Vec<_>>()
-                    .join(", ")
-            );
-            Ok(Json(serde_json::json!({
-                "status": "success",
-                "total": stats.total,
-                "by_type": stats.by_type,
-                "messier_count": stats.messier_count,
-                "has_sizes": stats.has_sizes,
-            })))
+    tokio::spawn(async move {
+        match catalog_rebuild_task(&pool).await {
+            Ok(stats) => tracing::info!("Manual catalog rebuild complete: {} objects", stats.total),
+            Err(e) => tracing::error!("Manual catalog rebuild failed: {}", e),
         }
-        Err(e) => {
-            tracing::error!("Manual catalog rebuild failed: {}", e);
-            Err(AppError::Internal(format!("Rebuild failed: {}", e)))
-        }
-    }
+    });
+    Ok(Json(serde_json::json!({ "status": "rebuild_started" })))
 }
 
 #[derive(serde::Serialize)]
@@ -166,15 +150,11 @@ struct RebuildStats {
 }
 
 async fn catalog_rebuild_task(pool: &SqlitePool) -> Result<RebuildStats, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
-    // Clear existing catalog
-    sqlx::query("DELETE FROM catalog").execute(pool).await?;
-    sqlx::query("DELETE FROM nightly_cache").execute(pool).await?;
-
-    // Build fresh catalog
+    // Fetch catalog data FIRST — if network fails, existing DB is untouched
     let entries = crate::catalog::build_catalog().await?;
     let total = entries.len();
 
-    // Compute stats
+    // Compute stats from in-memory entries before any DB writes
     let mut by_type: std::collections::HashMap<String, usize> = std::collections::HashMap::new();
     for entry in &entries {
         *by_type.entry(entry.obj_type.clone()).or_insert(0) += 1;
@@ -182,8 +162,10 @@ async fn catalog_rebuild_task(pool: &SqlitePool) -> Result<RebuildStats, Box<dyn
     let messier_count = entries.iter().filter(|e| e.messier_num.is_some()).count();
     let has_sizes = entries.iter().filter(|e| e.size_arcmin_maj.is_some()).count();
 
-    // Upsert entries to database
-    crate::catalog::upsert_entries(pool, &entries).await?;
+    // Atomically replace catalog (DELETE + INSERT in one transaction).
+    // If the insert fails halfway, the transaction rolls back and old data is preserved.
+    sqlx::query("DELETE FROM nightly_cache").execute(pool).await?;
+    crate::catalog::replace_catalog(pool, &entries).await?;
 
     // Update catalog version
     sqlx::query("INSERT OR REPLACE INTO settings (key, value) VALUES ('catalog_version', ?)")
@@ -191,7 +173,7 @@ async fn catalog_rebuild_task(pool: &SqlitePool) -> Result<RebuildStats, Box<dyn
         .execute(pool)
         .await?;
 
-    // Automatically trigger nightly recompute
+    // Trigger nightly recompute
     if let Err(e) = crate::jobs::precompute_tonight(pool).await {
         tracing::warn!("Nightly precompute after rebuild failed: {}", e);
     }
@@ -212,6 +194,34 @@ async fn nightly_recompute(
     Ok(Json(serde_json::json!({ "status": "recompute_started" })))
 }
 
+async fn factory_reset(
+    axum::extract::State(state): axum::extract::State<AppState>,
+) -> Result<Json<serde_json::Value>, AppError> {
+    tracing::info!("Factory reset: clearing transient data...");
+
+    // Clear all computed/cached tables — preserve user data (imaging_log, gallery, phd2_logs, horizon, target_notes, custom_targets)
+    for table in &["nightly_cache", "tonight", "catalog", "weather_cache"] {
+        sqlx::query(&format!("DELETE FROM {}", table))
+            .execute(&state.pool)
+            .await?;
+    }
+
+    // Reclaim disk space
+    sqlx::query("VACUUM").execute(&state.pool).await?;
+    tracing::info!("Factory reset: VACUUM complete");
+
+    // Rebuild catalog + nightly precompute in background
+    let pool = state.pool.clone();
+    tokio::spawn(async move {
+        match catalog_rebuild_task(&pool).await {
+            Ok(stats) => tracing::info!("Factory reset rebuild complete: {} objects", stats.total),
+            Err(e) => tracing::error!("Factory reset rebuild failed: {}", e),
+        }
+    });
+
+    Ok(Json(serde_json::json!({ "status": "reset_started", "message": "Catalog cleared and rebuild started. Imaging logs and gallery preserved." })))
+}
+
 async fn health(
     axum::extract::State(state): axum::extract::State<AppState>,
 ) -> Json<serde_json::Value> {

backend/src/catalog/mod.rs

@@ -302,6 +302,51 @@ pub async fn build_catalog() -> anyhow::Result<Vec<CatalogEntry>> {
 }
 
 
+/// Atomically replace the entire catalog: DELETE then INSERT in one transaction.
+/// If the insert fails halfway, the transaction rolls back and the old catalog is preserved.
+/// Call this only after build_catalog() has already succeeded.
+pub async fn replace_catalog(pool: &SqlitePool, entries: &[CatalogEntry]) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let mut tx = pool.begin().await?;
+    sqlx::query("DELETE FROM catalog").execute(&mut *tx).await?;
+    for e in entries {
+        sqlx::query(
+            r#"INSERT OR REPLACE INTO catalog
+               (id, name, common_name, obj_type, ra_deg, dec_deg, ra_h, dec_dms,
+                constellation, size_arcmin_maj, size_arcmin_min, pos_angle_deg,
+                mag_v, surface_brightness, hubble_type, messier_num, is_highlight,
+                fov_fill_pct, mosaic_flag, mosaic_panels_w, mosaic_panels_h,
+                difficulty, guide_star_density, fetched_at)
+               VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?)"#,
+        )
+        .bind(&e.id).bind(&e.name).bind(&e.common_name).bind(&e.obj_type)
+        .bind(e.ra_deg).bind(e.dec_deg).bind(&e.ra_h).bind(&e.dec_dms)
+        .bind(&e.constellation).bind(e.size_arcmin_maj).bind(e.size_arcmin_min)
+        .bind(e.pos_angle_deg).bind(e.mag_v).bind(e.surface_brightness)
+        .bind(&e.hubble_type).bind(e.messier_num).bind(e.is_highlight)
+        .bind(e.fov_fill_pct).bind(e.mosaic_flag).bind(e.mosaic_panels_w)
+        .bind(e.mosaic_panels_h).bind(e.difficulty).bind(e.guide_star_density.as_deref())
+        .bind(e.fetched_at)
+        .execute(&mut *tx).await?;
+    }
+    tx.commit().await?;
+
+    // Apply cross-catalog number mappings (best-effort, outside transaction)
+    for (num, id) in caldwell::caldwell_map() {
+        let _ = sqlx::query("UPDATE catalog SET caldwell_num = ? WHERE id = ?").bind(num).bind(id).execute(pool).await;
+    }
+    for (num, id) in caldwell::arp_map() {
+        let _ = sqlx::query("UPDATE catalog SET arp_num = ? WHERE id = ?").bind(num).bind(id).execute(pool).await;
+    }
+    for (num, id) in melotte::melotte_map() {
+        let _ = sqlx::query("UPDATE catalog SET melotte_num = ? WHERE id = ?").bind(num).bind(id).execute(pool).await;
+    }
+    for (num, id) in collinder::collinder_map() {
+        let _ = sqlx::query("UPDATE catalog SET collinder_num = ? WHERE id = ?").bind(num).bind(id).execute(pool).await;
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 pub async fn upsert_entries(pool: &SqlitePool, entries: &[CatalogEntry]) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     let mut tx = pool.begin().await?;
     for e in entries {

backend/src/db/mod.rs

@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ pub async fn init_db(database_url: &str) -> anyhow::Result<SqlitePool> {
         .foreign_keys(true);
 
     let pool = SqlitePoolOptions::new()
-        .max_connections(5)
+        .max_connections(10)
+        .acquire_timeout(std::time::Duration::from_secs(30))
         .connect_with(options)
         .await
         .context("failed to connect to SQLite")?;

frontend/src/pages/Settings.tsx

@@ -285,6 +285,9 @@ export default function Settings() {
   const [recomputeMsg, setRecomputeMsg] = useState('');
   const [rebuilding, setRebuilding] = useState(false);
   const [rebuildResult, setRebuildResult] = useState<any>(null);
+  const [showResetConfirm, setShowResetConfirm] = useState(false);
+  const [resetting, setResetting] = useState(false);
+  const [resetMsg, setResetMsg] = useState('');
 
   const triggerRecompute = async () => {
     setRecomputing(true);
@@ -302,6 +305,26 @@ export default function Settings() {
     setRecomputing(false);
   };
 
+  const triggerFactoryReset = async () => {
+    setResetting(true);
+    setResetMsg('');
+    setShowResetConfirm(false);
+    try {
+      const res = await fetch('/api/factory-reset', { method: 'POST' });
+      if (res.ok) {
+        setResetMsg('Reset started. Catalog is rebuilding (~60s). Reload the page when done.');
+        qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ['health'] });
+        qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ['targets'] });
+      } else {
+        const d = await res.json().catch(() => ({}));
+        setResetMsg((d as { error?: string }).error ?? 'Backend returned an error.');
+      }
+    } catch {
+      setResetMsg('Error reaching backend.');
+    }
+    setResetting(false);
+  };
+
   const triggerRebuild = async () => {
     setRebuilding(true);
     setRebuildResult(null);
@@ -477,11 +500,82 @@ export default function Settings() {
               {recomputing ? 'Starting…' : 'Recompute Tonight'}
             </button>
           </div>
+
+          {/* Factory Reset */}
+          <div style={{ marginTop: 18, borderTop: '1px solid var(--border)', paddingTop: 14 }}>
+            {!showResetConfirm ? (
+              <button
+                onClick={() => setShowResetConfirm(true)}
+                disabled={resetting}
+                style={{
+                  padding: '6px 16px',
+                  background: 'rgba(224,82,82,0.1)',
+                  border: '1px solid rgba(224,82,82,0.4)',
+                  color: 'var(--danger)',
+                  borderRadius: 4,
+                  fontFamily: 'var(--font-mono)',
+                  fontSize: 12,
+                  cursor: resetting ? 'default' : 'pointer',
+                  opacity: resetting ? 0.6 : 1,
+                }}
+              >
+                {resetting ? 'Resetting…' : 'Factory Reset'}
+              </button>
+            ) : (
+              <div style={{ background: 'rgba(224,82,82,0.08)', border: '1px solid rgba(224,82,82,0.3)', borderRadius: 4, padding: '12px 14px' }}>
+                <div style={{ fontFamily: 'var(--font-mono)', fontSize: 12, color: 'var(--danger)', marginBottom: 8, fontWeight: 600 }}>
+                  Factory Reset
+                </div>
+                <div style={{ fontFamily: 'var(--font-mono)', fontSize: 11, color: 'var(--text-mid)', marginBottom: 10, lineHeight: 1.5 }}>
+                  Clears catalog, nightly cache, and weather data. Triggers a full rebuild (~60s).
+                  <br />
+                  <strong style={{ color: 'var(--text-hi)' }}>Imaging logs, gallery, PHD2 logs, and horizon are preserved.</strong>
+                </div>
+                <div style={{ display: 'flex', gap: 8 }}>
+                  <button
+                    onClick={triggerFactoryReset}
+                    style={{
+                      padding: '5px 14px',
+                      background: 'var(--danger)',
+                      color: '#fff',
+                      border: 'none',
+                      borderRadius: 3,
+                      fontFamily: 'var(--font-mono)',
+                      fontSize: 12,
+                      cursor: 'pointer',
+                    }}
+                  >
+                    Confirm Reset
+                  </button>
+                  <button
+                    onClick={() => setShowResetConfirm(false)}
+                    style={{
+                      padding: '5px 14px',
+                      background: 'var(--bg-deep)',
+                      border: '1px solid var(--border)',
+                      color: 'var(--text-mid)',
+                      borderRadius: 3,
+                      fontFamily: 'var(--font-mono)',
+                      fontSize: 12,
+                      cursor: 'pointer',
+                    }}
+                  >
+                    Cancel
+                  </button>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            )}
+          </div>
           {recomputeMsg && (
             <div style={{ marginTop: 8, fontSize: 12, color: 'var(--text-mid)', fontFamily: 'var(--font-mono)' }}>
               {recomputeMsg}
             </div>
           )}
+          {resetMsg && (
+            <div style={{ marginTop: 8, fontSize: 12, color: resetting ? 'var(--text-mid)' : 'var(--good)', fontFamily: 'var(--font-mono)' }}>
+              {resetMsg}
+            </div>
+          )}
           {rebuildResult && (
             <div style={{ marginTop: 12, fontSize: 11, color: 'var(--text-mid)', fontFamily: 'var(--font-mono)', background: 'var(--bg-row)', padding: '10px 12px', borderRadius: 4 }}>
               {rebuildResult.error ? (